"We want to hug a friend": the covid-19 pandemic among low-income adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the perceptions of adolescent students from a public school, of both sexes, living in a peripheral region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in relation to the covid-19 pandemic, with a special focus on their experiences regarding education and sociability. METHODS: This study is part of the Global Early Adolescent Study. Seven face-to-face focus groups were conducted with adolescents between 13 and 16 years old (19 girls and 15 boys) in 2021. RESULTS: The experience of remote teaching was frustrating for the adolescents, without the daily and personalized monitoring of the teacher(s). In addition to the difficult or impossible access to devices and the lack of support from schools, there is also the domestic environment, which made the schooling process more difficult, especially for girls, who were forced to take on more household and family care tasks. The closed school blocked an important space for socialization and forced family interaction, generating conflicts and stress in the home environment. The abrupt rupture brought feelings of fear, uncertainty, anguish and loneliness. The iterative evocation of the words "stuck", "alone" and "loneliness" and the phrase "there was no one to talk to" shows how most of the adolescents experienced the period of distancing. The pandemic aggravated the objective and subjective conditions of preexisting feelings, such as "not knowing the future" and the prospects of a life project. CONCLUSION: It has been documented how pandemic control measures implemented in a fragmented way and without support for the most impoverished families have negative effects on other spheres of life, in particular for poor young people. The school is a privileged territory to propose/construct actions that help adolescents to deal with problems aggravated in/by the pandemic.

"We want to hug a friend": the covid-19 pandemic among low-income adolescents / "A gente quer abraçar o amigo": a pandemia de covid-19 entre adolescentes de baixa renda

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To examine the perceptions of adolescent students from a public school, of both sexes, living in a peripheral region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in relation to the covid-19 pandemic, with a special focus on their experiences regarding education and sociability. METHODS This study is part of the Global Early Adolescent Study. Seven face-to-face focus groups were conducted with adolescents between 13 and 16 years old (19 girls and 15 boys) in 2021. RESULTS The experience of remote teaching was frustrating for the adolescents, without the daily and personalized monitoring of the teacher(s). In addition to the difficult or impossible access to devices and the lack of support from schools, there is also the domestic environment, which made the schooling process more difficult, especially for girls, who were forced to take on more household and family care tasks. The closed school blocked an important space for socialization and forced family interaction, generating conflicts and stress in the home environment. The abrupt rupture brought feelings of fear, uncertainty, anguish and loneliness. The iterative evocation of the words "stuck", "alone" and "loneliness" and the phrase "there was no one to talk to" shows how most of the adolescents experienced the period of distancing. The pandemic aggravated the objective and subjective conditions of preexisting feelings, such as "not knowing the future" and the prospects of a life project. CONCLUSION It has been documented how pandemic control measures implemented in a fragmented way and without support for the most impoverished families have negative effects on other spheres of life, in particular for poor young people. The school is a privileged territory to propose/construct actions that help adolescents to deal with problems aggravated in/by the pandemic.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Examinar as percepções de adolescentes estudantes de uma escola pública, de ambos os sexos, moradores de uma região periférica da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, em relação à pandemia de covid-19, com especial enfoque em suas experiências quanto à educação e sociabilidade. MÉTODOS Este estudo faz parte do Global Early Adolescent Study. Foram conduzidos sete grupos focais presenciais com adolescentes entre 13 e 16 anos (19 meninas e 15 meninos),em 2021. RESULTADOS A experiência do ensino remoto foi frustrante para as/os adolescentes, sem o acompanhamento cotidiano e personalizado de professoras(es). Ao acesso difícil ou impossível aos dispositivos e à ausência de suporte das escolas é acrescido o ambiente doméstico, que dificultou o processo de escolarização, em especial para as meninas, obrigadas a assumir mais tarefas de cuidado da casa e da família. A escola fechada bloqueou espaço importante de socialização e forçou o convívio familiar, gerando conflitos e estresse. A abrupta ruptura trouxe sentimentos de medo, incerteza, angústia e solidão. A evocação iterativa das palavras "presa/o", "sozinha/o" e "solidão" e da frase "não teve ninguém pra conversar" mostra como grande parte das/os adolescentes experienciou o período de distanciamento. A pandemia agravou as condições objetivas e subjetivas de sentimentos preexistentes, como "não saber o futuro" e as perspectivas de projeto de vida. CONCLUSÃO Foi documentado como medidas de controle da pandemia implementadas de forma fragmentada e sem suporte às famílias mais empobrecidas têm efeitos negativos em outras esferas da vida, em particular para jovens pobres. A escola é um território privilegiado para se propor/construir ações que auxiliem as/os adolescentes a lidar com problemas agravados na/pela pandemia.

Scientific literature on food and nutrition security in primary health care: A scoping review.

There is a growing interest in the scientific community regarding Primary Health Care practices aiming at assessing and addressing Food and Nutrition Security. The focus is usually on outcomes, instruments and effectiveness, with no concern regarding theories or concepts. We aimed to map the theoretical frameworks regarding practices towards Food and Nutrition Security in Primary Health Care and describe its conceptualisations based on Ludwik Fleck's epistemological approach. We conducted a scoping review, including 14 databases. Within the 56 publications, the notion of Food and Nutrition Insecurity as a risk for health without further theorisations predominates. Other two minor theoretical frameworks coexist: Food and Nutrition Security as a social determinant of health and as the realisation of a human right. Few publications present Food and Nutrition Security conceptualisations. Of those who define it, there is great variability in the content and sources used. The most elaborated and homogenous conceptualisations are in the human rights group. This review exposes how the disputes surrounding a concept mostly built on policy and international relations penetrate the scientific field. When studying topics in the interface between science and health practices, notably those where controversies exist, researchers should explicitly express their theoretical and conceptual backgrounds.

Most-cited public health articles of scientific journals from Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the most-cited articles in public health scientific journals edited in Brazil. METHODS: Articles published between 2008 and 2010 by public health journals edited in Brazil and indexed in the Scopus database were included, and citations received up to five years after publication were ranked. We studied a total of 105 articles, as the last seven articles shared the same number of citations and so were given the same rank. RESULTS: The most-cited articles received a median of 28 citations, and the distribution ranged from 22 to 95 citations. These articles describe advances in the areas of Epidemiology (74%), Health Policies, Planning and Administration (19%), and Social and Human Sciences in Health (7%). Only half mentioned that they have received funding. About 75% of the articles were written by three or more authors and 90%, by authors affiliated to public institutions such as universities and government organizations. Fifteen individuals were responsible for authoring or coauthoring three or more of the 105 articles studied. The journals Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Revista de Saúde Pública, and Ciência & Saúde Coletiva have published the vast majority of the most-cited articles in the area (94%). CONCLUSIONS: In Brazil, the most-cited articles in public health mainly report Epidemiology research, are written by groups of authors and by researchers affiliated to public institutions and are published in journals with a greater impact. Periodical analyses of these data can show potential changes in the characteristics of articles that most attract public health scientists.

Most-cited public health articles of scientific journals from Brazil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the most-cited articles in public health scientific journals edited in Brazil. METHODS Articles published between 2008 and 2010 by public health journals edited in Brazil and indexed in the Scopus database were included, and citations received up to five years after publication were ranked. We studied a total of 105 articles, as the last seven articles shared the same number of citations and so were given the same rank. RESULTS The most-cited articles received a median of 28 citations, and the distribution ranged from 22 to 95 citations. These articles describe advances in the areas of Epidemiology (74%), Health Policies, Planning and Administration (19%), and Social and Human Sciences in Health (7%). Only half mentioned that they have received funding. About 75% of the articles were written by three or more authors and 90%, by authors affiliated to public institutions such as universities and government organizations. Fifteen individuals were responsible for authoring or coauthoring three or more of the 105 articles studied. The journals Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Revista de Saúde Pública, and Ciência & Saúde Coletiva have published the vast majority of the most-cited articles in the area (94%). CONCLUSIONS In Brazil, the most-cited articles in public health mainly report Epidemiology research, are written by groups of authors and by researchers affiliated to public institutions and are published in journals with a greater impact. Periodical analyses of these data can show potential changes in the characteristics of articles that most attract public health scientists.

Como a atenção primária à saúde pode fortalecer a alimentação adequada enquanto direito na América Latina?

[RESUMO]. Há 40 anos, a Declaração de Alma-Ata reforçou a saúde como direito humano, apresentou a atenção primária à saúde (APS) como caminho para atingir um grau de saúde aceitável para todos e incorporou a questão alimentar e nutricional como parte integrante dos cuidados primários em saúde. O direito humano à alimentação adequada (DHAA) está intimamente relacionado com o direito à saúde, pois é requisito para a existência de condições de vida digna para promover a saúde. As particularidades históricas e a posição político-econômica da América Latina representam barreiras para a realização plena dos direitos humanos, e especialmente dos direitos sociais. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é explorar os modos pelos quais os serviços de APS podem alavancar o DHAA na América Latina. Adicionalmente, são apresentadas medidas que exemplificam como os países podem fortalecer o DHAA a partir da APS. Finalmente, o texto se propõe a resgatar o potencial emancipatório da APS na América Latina vislumbrando sua atuação na realização de direitos humanos para além do direito à saúde. O panorama apresentado demonstra a capacidade de resposta da APS no sentido de efetivar direitos humanos interdependentes da saúde no contexto latino-americano.

[ABSTRACT]. Forty years ago, the Declaration of Alma-Ata emphasized health as a human right, introduced primary health care (PHC) as a strategy to attain an acceptable level of health for all, and included the issue of food and nutrition as an integral part of PHC. The right to adequate food (RAF) is closely related to the right to health, since it is essential to ensure dignified living conditions that promote health. The historical peculiarities and the political and economic position of Latin America constitute barriers for the full realization of human rights, and especially social rights. In this sense, the present article aims to explore the modes by which PHC services can leverage the RAF in Latin America. In addition, the article describes measures that exemplify how countries can strengthen RAF through PHC. Finally, the text seeks to recover the emancipatory potential of PHC through a vision of human rights enforcement beyond the right to health. The overview shows that PHC has the capacity to fulfill human rights that are interdependent on health in the Latin American context.

[RESUMEN]. Hace 40 años, la Declaración de Alma-Ata reforzó la salud como derecho humano, presentó la atención primaria de salud (APS) como camino para alcanzar un grado de salud aceptable para todos e incorporó la alimentación y nutrición como parte de los cuidados primarios en salud. El derecho humano a la alimentación adecuada (DHAA) está íntimamente relacionado con el derecho a la salud, pues es un requisito indispensabel para la existencia de condiciones dignas para promover la salud. Las particularidades históricas y la posición político-económica de América Latina representan barreras para la promoción plena de los derechos humanos, y especialmente de los derechos sociales. En este sentido, el objetivo de este artículo es explorar la manera como los servicios de APS pueden impulsar el DHAA en América Latina. Adicionalmente, se presentan medidas que ejemplifican cómo los países pueden fortalecer el DHAA a partir de la APS. Finalmente, el texto se propone rescatar el potencial emancipatorio de la APS en América Latina vislumbrando su actuación en la promoción de derechos humanos más allá del derecho a la salud. El panorama presentado demuestra la capacidad de respuesta de la APS para hacer efectivos los derechos humanos interdependientes de la salud en el contexto latinoamericano.

Correction to: Personal, relational and school factors associated with involvement in fights with weapons among school-age youth in Brazil: a multilevel ecological approach.

The authors would like to include the funding note here which was found missing in the original publication.

Personal, relational and school factors associated with involvement in fights with weapons among school-age youth in Brazil: a multilevel ecological approach.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between personal, relational and school factors with involvement in fights with weapon among Brazilian school-age youth. METHODS: Using data from the Adolescent School-Based Health Survey 2015 (n = 102.072), we conducted multilevel logistic regression models. RESULTS: IFW was associated with female sex (OR = 0.45), and with older age (OR = 1.15), previous involvement in physical violence (OR = 2.05), history of peer verbal (OR = 1.14) and domestic victimization (OR = 2.11), alcohol use (OR = 2.42) and drug use (OR = 3.23). The relational variables (e.g., parent's supervision) were mostly negatively associated with IFW. At the school level, attending public school and attending schools in violent surroundings were both positively associated with IFW. The intraclass correlation coefficient estimated in the empty model showed that 5.77% of the variance of IFW was at school level. When all individual- and school-level variables were included in the model, the proportional changes in variance were 61.7 and 71.55%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: IFW is associated with personal, relational and school factors. Part of the variance in IFW by school is explained by characteristics of the school context.

Percepção de risco como estratégia de convívio comensal com jovens órfãos pelo HIV/AIDS em São Paulo, SP, Brasil / Percepción de riesgo como estrategia de convivencia comensal con jóvenes huérfanos por VIH/SIDA en São Paulo, SP, Brasil / Commensal meetings strategies regarding youth orphaned by HIV/AIDS in São Paulo, SP, Brazil

No contexto do HIV/AIDS, estratégias comensais são acordadas pelas famílias para reduzir riscos. Com o objetivo de identificar percepções de risco nos convívios comensais desenvolveu-se estudo qualitativo com jovens órfãos pela AIDS. Os dados foram obtidos durante entrevista com questões sobre o cotidiano. Utilizou-se a proposta de Wright Mills do artesanato intelectual, na qual os sujeitos são considerados atores históricos e sociais. As estratégias mediante a percepção de risco ao HIV/AIDS foram consideradas acordos pactuados pela família para assegurar a interação social. Foi possível observar que as estratégias incluem a restrição do toque e do contato corporal; separação de utensílios e inutilização da comida tocada por soropositivos. A percepção de risco pode ser decorrente da inconstância dos achados científicos e de crenças que reforçam o processo de estigma e discriminação.(AU)

En el contexto del VIH/SIDA, las familias acuerdan estrategias comensales para reducir riesgos. Con el objetivo de identificar percepciones de riesgo en las convivencias comensales se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo con jóvenes huérfanos debido al SIDA. Los datos se obtuvieron durante entrevista con preguntas sobre el cotidiano. Se utilizó la propuesta de Wright Mills de la artesanía intelectual, en la cual los sujetos se consideran actores históricos y sociales. Las estrategias mediante la percepción de riesgo del VIH/SIDA se consideraron acuerdos pactados por la familia para asegurar la interacción social. Fue posible observar que las estrategias incluyen la restricción del toque y del contacto corporal, separación de utensilios e inutilización de la comida tocada por personas que son seropositivas. La percepción del riesgo puede ser consecuencia de la inconstancia de los hallazgos científicos y de creencias que refuerzan el proceso de estigmatización y discriminación.(AU)

Within the HIV/AIDS context, commensal strategies are agreed upon by the families aiming to reduce risks. With the objective of identifying risk perceptions in the commensal meetings, we developed a study with youth orphaned by AIDS. Interviews produced data through questions regarding daily life. The Wright Mills' proposal about intellectual craftsmanship was used for analysis. In this approachsubjects are considered historical and social actors. The strategies used from risk perception of HIV/AIDS were assumed as agreements by the families to ensure social interaction. It was observed that strategies include restrictions for touching and body contact; separation of dishes and disposal of food touched by the HIVpositive. The risk perception found may be due to variability of scientific findings and beliefs, thus reinforcing the process of stigma and discrimination.(AU)

Como a atenção primária à saúde pode fortalecer a alimentação adequada enquanto direito na América Latina? / Can primary health care strengthen the right to adequate food as a human right in Latin America? / ¿Cómo la atención primaria de salud puede fortalecer la alimentación adecuada como derecho en América Latina?

RESUMO Há 40 anos, a Declaração de Alma-Ata reforçou a saúde como direito humano, apresentou a atenção primária à saúde (APS) como caminho para atingir um grau de saúde aceitável para todos e incorporou a questão alimentar e nutricional como parte integrante dos cuidados primários em saúde. O direito humano à alimentação adequada (DHAA) está intimamente relacionado com o direito à saúde, pois é requisito para a existência de condições de vida digna para promover a saúde. As particularidades históricas e a posição político- econômica da América Latina representam barreiras para a realização plena dos direitos humanos, e especialmente dos direitos sociais. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é explorar os modos pelos quais os serviços de APS podem alavancar o DHAA na América Latina. Adicionalmente, são apresentadas medidas que exemplificam como os países podem fortalecer o DHAA a partir da APS. Finalmente, o texto se propõe a resgatar o potencial emancipatório da APS na América Latina vislumbrando sua atuação na realização de direitos humanos para além do direito à saúde. O panorama apresentado demonstra a capacidade de resposta da APS no sentido de efetivar direitos humanos interdependentes da saúde no contexto latino-americano.

ABSTRACT Forty years ago, the Declaration of Alma-Ata emphasized health as a human right, introduced primary health care (PHC) as a strategy to attain an acceptable level of health for all, and included the issue of food and nutrition as an integral part of PHC. The right to adequate food (RAF) is closely related to the right to health, since it is essential to ensure dignified living conditions that promote health. The historical peculiarities and the political and economic position of Latin America constitute barriers for the full realization of human rights, and especially social rights. In this sense, the present article aims to explore the modes by which PHC services can leverage the RAF in Latin America. In addition, the article describes measures that exemplify how countries can strengthen RAF through PHC. Finally, the text seeks to recover the emancipatory potential of PHC through a vision of human rights enforcement beyond the right to health. The overview shows that PHC has the capacity to fulfill human rights that are interdependent on health in the Latin American context.

RESUMEN Hace 40 años, la Declaración de Alma-Ata reforzó la salud como derecho humano, presentó la atención primaria de salud (APS) como camino para alcanzar un grado de salud aceptable para todos e incorporó la alimentación y nutrición como parte de los cuidados primarios en salud. El derecho humano a la alimentación adecuada (DHAA) está íntimamente relacionado con el derecho a la salud, pues es un requisito indispensabel para la existencia de condiciones dignas para promover la salud. Las particularidades históricas y la posición político-económica de América Latina representan barreras para la promoción plena de los derechos humanos, y especialmente de los derechos sociales. En este sentido, el objetivo de este artículo es explorar la manera como los servicios de APS pueden impulsar el DHAA en América Latina. Adicionalmente, se presentan medidas que ejemplifican cómo los países pueden fortalecer el DHAA a partir de la APS. Finalmente, el texto se propone rescatar el potencial emancipatorio de la APS en América Latina vislumbrando su actuación en la promoción de derechos humanos más allá del derecho a la salud. El panorama presentado demuestra la capacidad de respuesta de la APS para hacer efectivos los derechos humanos interdependientes de la salud en el contexto latinoamericano.

Individual- and contextual-level factors associated with client-initiated HIV testing / Fatores individuais e contextuais associados à realização do teste anti-HIV por busca espontânea

ABSTRACT: Background: Knowing the reasons for seeking HIV testing is central for HIV prevention. Despite the availability of free HIV counseling and testing in Brazil, coverage remains lacking. Methods: Survey of 4,760 respondents from urban areas was analyzed. Individual-level variables included sociodemographic characteristics; sexual and reproductive health; HIV/AIDS treatment knowledge and beliefs; being personally acquainted with a person with HIV/AIDS; and holding discriminatory ideas about people living with HIV. Contextual-level variables included the Human Development Index (HDI) of the municipality; prevalence of HIV/AIDS; and availability of local HIV counseling and testing (CT) services. The dependent variable was client-initiated testing. Multilevel Poisson regression models with random intercepts were used to assess associated factors. Results: Common individual-level variables among men and women included being personally acquainted with a person with HIV/AIDS and age; whereas discordant variables included those related to sexual and reproductive health and experiencing sexual violence. Among contextual-level factors, availability of CT services was variable associated with client-initiated testing among women only. The contextual-level variable "HDI of the municipality" was associated with client-initiated testing among women. Conclusion: Thus, marked gender differences in HIV testing were found, with a lack of HIV testing among married women and heterosexual men, groups that do not spontaneously seek testing.

RESUMO: Introdução: O motivo da busca pelo teste anti-HIV é questão central para a prevenção do HIV. Apesar da realização do teste e aconselhamento ser gratuito no Brasil há lacunas na cobertura do teste. Esse estudo analisou a associação entre os fatores individuais e contextuais e a realização do teste anti-HIV na população brasileira. Métodos: Inquérito populacional, com 4.760 residentes em áreas urbanas. As variáveis do nível individual foram sociodemográficas; saúde sexual e reprodutiva; conhecimento sobre HIV/AIDS; conhecer pessoas com HIV/AIDS; ideias discriminatórias sobre pessoas vivendo com HIV. As variáveis contextuais: índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH) do município de moradia; prevalência municipal de HIV/AIDS e presença de Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento no município de moradia (CTA). A variável dependente foi realização do teste por busca espontânea. Na análise dos fatores associados utilizou-se modelo multinível de Poisson com intercepto aleatório. Resultados: Foram observadas variáveis individuais comuns e discordantes associadas ao teste entre homens e mulheres. As variáveis individuais comuns foram o conhecimento de alguém com HIV/AIDS e idade; as discordantes incluíram as relativas à saúde sexual e reprodutiva e violência sexual. Entre os fatores do nível contextual, a presença de CTA e o IDH alto foram associados positivamente com a busca espontânea do teste somente entre as mulheres. Conclusão: A busca espontânea pelo teste anti-HIV é marcada pelas diferenças de gênero, com lacunas de testagem entre mulheres casadas e homens heterossexuais.

Desenvolvimento da habilidade na escrita e a produção científica: cursos são necessários? / Writing skills development and scientific production: are needed courses? / El desarrollo de la habilidad en la escritura y la producción científica: son necesarios cursos?

Este artigo é resultado de um estudo que tem como objetivo identificar se o aprimoramento do conhecimento sobre a produção de artigos científicos, reforçado por cursos de escrita científica, vem facilitando ao pesquisador (autor) a publicação de seus artigos. Entendemos que a relevância do estudo se deve ao reconhecimento da importância de investimentos no aprimoramento do pesquisador para a divulgação científica. Foi identificada a produção bibliográfica de egressos de cursos de aprimoramento da habilidade na escrita científica e comparada com o percurso de publicações desse egresso, antes e depois do curso. Foram utilizadas duas fontes de informação de acesso público para identificar a produção bibliográfica, científica e técnica, do pesquisador: currículo na Plataforma Lattes do CNPq; e fontes de dados bibliográficos: Lilacs e PubMed. Observou-se que o número de artigos publicados foi maior após a participação em um dos cursos e que, embora outros fatores influenciem na produção, iniciativas dessa natureza estimulam a divulgação científica.(AU)

This paper is product of a study to identify if the improvement in knowledge about writing scientific papers reinforced by writing courses had facilitated the publication by researcher (author) of his articles. We understand the relevance of the study is due to the recognition of the importance of investments intraining courses for researchers to improve the scientific dissemination of their papers. We identified the bibliographic production of the participants in courses on scientific writing, and then we compared it withthe number of publications by then prior to and after the course. We searched two public information sources to identify the scientific and technical bibliographic production by researcher: curriculum in the Plataforma Lattes do CNPq (Brazil) and bibliographic databases: Lilacs (Bireme/OPS) and PubMed. We observed that the number of papers published increased after the participation in one of these courses. Although other factors may influence the production, such initiatives stimulate scientific communication.

Este artículo es resultado de estudio que tiene el objetivo de identificar si la mejora en el conocimiento sobre como escribir artículos científicos, reforzada por los cursos de escritura científica, ha facilitado para el investigador (autor) la publicación de sus artículos. Entendemos que la relevancia del estudio se debe al reconocimiento de la importancia de inversiones en cursos de capacitación para investigadores que permitan ampliar la divulgación científica. Identificamos la producción bibliográfica de participantes de cursos de redacción científica y comparamos el número de publicaciones del participante antes y despuésdel curso. Se han utilizado dos fuentes de información a la disposición del público para identificar la producción bibliográfica, científica y técnica, del investigador: la Plataforma Lattes do CNPq (Brasil); y basede datos bibliográficos: Lilacs (Bireme/OPAS) y PubMed. Se observó que el número de artículos publicados fue mayor después de la participación en el curso. Aunque otros factores puedan influir en la producción, tales iniciativas estimulan la divulgación científica.

Uncited articles in Brazilian public health journals / Artigos não citados nas revistas brasileiras em saúde pública

ABSTRACT Here, we describe the percentage of non-citation in Brazilian public health journals, a field that, until now, had not been investigated nationally or internationally. We analyzed articles, published between 2008 and 2012, of eight public health journals indexed in the scopus database. The percentage of non-citation differs between journals (from 5.7% to 58.1%). We identified four statistically distinct groups: História, Ciência, Saúde - Manguinhos (58% uncited articles); Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva, Interface, and Saúde e Sociedade (32% to 37%); Ciência & Saúde Coletiva and Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia (16% to 17%); and Cadernos de Saúde Pública and Revista de Saúde Pública (6%). The non-citation in the first three years post-publication also varies according to journal. Four journals have shown a clear decline of non-citation: Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, and Physis. Another three (Revista de Saúde Pública, Saúde e Sociedade, and Interface) presented an oscillation in non-citation, but the rates of 2008 and 2012 are similar, with different magnitudes. In turn, the journal História, Ciência, Saúde - Manguinhos maintains high rates of non-citation. Multidisciplinary journals attract more citation, but a comprehensive citation model still needs to be formulated and tested.

RESUMO Aqui, descrevemos o percentual de não citação em revistas brasileiras de saúde pública, campo até agora não investigado nacional ou internacionalmente. Analisamos artigos, publicados entre 2008 e 2012, de oito revistas de saúde pública indexadas na base Scopus. O percentual de não citação difere entre as revistas (de 5,7% a 58,1%). Identificamos quatro grupos estatisticamente distintos: História, Ciência, Saúde - Manguinhos (58% de artigos não citados); Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva, Interface, e Saúde e Sociedade (32% a 37%); Ciência & Saúde Coletiva e Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia (16% a 17%); e Cadernos de Saúde Pública e Revista de Saúde Pública (6%). A não citação nos primeiros três anos pós-publicação também varia segundo revista. Quatro revistas mostraram claro declínio da não citação: Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia e Physis. Outras três (Revista de Saúde Pública, Saúde e Sociedade e Interface) apresentaram oscilação na não citação, mas as taxas de 2008 e 2012 são similares, com magnitudes diferentes. Por sua vez, a revista História, Ciência, Saúde - Manguinhos mantém taxas elevadas de não citação. Revistas multidisciplinares atraem mais citação, mas um modelo compreensivo de citações ainda precisa ser formulado e testado.

Food environments in schools and in the immediate vicinity are associated with unhealthy food consumption among Brazilian adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Evidence of the influence of the school food environment on adolescent diet is still little explored in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to evaluate the association between food environment in schools and the immediate vicinity and the regular consumption of unhealthy food among adolescents. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data collected by the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE) from a representative sample of adolescents attending 9th grade public and private schools in Brazil, in 2012. We estimated students' regular consumption (>5days/week) of unhealthy food (soft drinks, bagged salty snacks, deep fried salty snacks and sweets) and school availability, in the cafeteria or an alternative outlet, of the same food plus some healthy options (fruit and natural fruit juice). We performed multilevel logistic regression models. RESULTS: Having a cafeteria inside school selling soft drinks (private schools OR=1.23; 95% CI=1.14-1.33; public schools OR=1.13; 95% CI=1.06-1.20) and deep fried salty snacks (private schools OR=1.41 95% CI=1.26-1.57; public schools OR=1.16 95% CI=1.08-1.24) was associated with a higher consumption of these unhealthy foods of among students. In private schools, cafeteria selling fruit and natural fruit juice was associated with lower student consumption of bagged salty snacks (OR=0.86; 95% CI 0.77-0.96) and soft drinks (OR=0.85; 95% CI=0.76-0.94). In addition, eating meals from the Brazilian School Food Program in public schools was associated with a lower consumption of unhealthy foods. CONCLUSIONS: Foods available in the school food environment are associated with the consumption of unhealthy food among adolescents in Brazil.

Editorial challenges of the Revista de Saúde Pública.

The editors of the Revista de Saúde Pública describe the journal's editorial profile and discuss the challenges of scientific publication in the area. A historical overview of almost 50 years of the journal is reported, with the temporal projection of their bibliometric indicators. Qualitative and quantitative parameters of its editorial profile and indexes are also reported. Budget constraints and the actions being taken to address them are discussed. The difficulty in allocating reviewers for manuscripts submitted to the editorial process is also discussed; an issue that affects scientific publication in many areas of knowledge. In particular, we sought to reflect on the proposal of measures to boost the editorial process by alleviating the shortage of reviewers and their possible harmful consequences for the editorial process.

Desafios editoriais da Revista de Saúde Pública / Editorial challenges of the Revista de Saúde Pública

Resumo Os editores da Revista de Saúde Pública descrevem o perfil editorial da revista e discutem os desafios da publicação científica na área. É apresentada uma síntese histórica dos quase 50 anos da revista, com a projeção temporal de seus indicadores bibliométricos. São relacionados parâmetros qualitativos e quantitativos de seu perfil editorial e indexações. São discutidas as restrições orçamentárias e as ações que vêm sendo tomadas para enfrentá-las. Também se discute a dificuldade na alocação de revisores para os manuscritos submetidos ao processo de avaliação editorial; uma questão que afeta a publicação científica em muitas áreas de conhecimento. Em especial, buscou-se refletir sobre a proposição de medidas que visem dinamizar o processo editorial, atenuando a escassez de revisores e suas possíveis consequências prejudiciais para o processo editorial.

Abstract The editors of the Revista de Saúde Pública describe the journal's editorial profile and discuss the challenges of scientific publication in the area. A historical overview of almost 50 years of the journal is reported, with the temporal projection of their bibliometric indicators. Qualitative and quantitative parameters of its editorial profile and indexes are also reported. Budget constraints and the actions being taken to address them are discussed. The difficulty in allocating reviewers for manuscripts submitted to the editorial process is also discussed; an issue that affects scientific publication in many areas of knowledge. In particular, we sought to reflect on the proposal of measures to boost the editorial process by alleviating the shortage of reviewers and their possible harmful consequences for the editorial process.

The Role of School Environment in Physical Activity among Brazilian Adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association of physical activity facilities and extracurricular sports activities in schools with physical activity among adolescents. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used data collected for the National Survey of School Health in 2012. The national representative sample comprised 109,104 Brazilian students from 2,842 schools. We calculated the prevalence of participation in physical education classes, leisure-time physical activity, and total physical activity level. We also evaluated the following physical activity facilities: sports courts, running/athletics tracks, schoolyard with teacher-directed physical activities, swimming pools, locker rooms; and the offer of extracurricular sports activities. Schools with at least one physical activity facility had increased odds of participation in physical education (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.20 to 2.10). However, in order to increase leisure-time physical activity (OR1.14; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.26) and total physical activity level (OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.24) at least four and two facilities, respectively, were necessary. Extracurricular sports activities in schools were positively associated with leisure-time physical activity and physical activity level. The number of sports courts and swimming pool in a school were associated with participation in physical education classes. Availability of sports courts, running/athletics tracks, and swimming pool in schools were associated with leisure-time physical activity. Total physical activity was associated with schools with sports courts, schoolyard with teacher-directed physical activities, and swimming pool. CONCLUSIONS: School-level characteristics have important potential to increase the possibility of engagement in physical activity in and out of school, and therefore have a fundamental role in promoting these practices.

A combinação de projetos políticos distintos na atenção básica à saúde: impactos político-sociais e a desconstrução do SUS / The combination of different political projects in primary health care: political and social impacts and the SUS deconstruction

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar implicações políticas e sociais da combinação entre gestões pública e privada na atenção básica à saúde, buscando explicitar combinações e tensões entre um projeto democratizante de saúde e um projeto neoliberal que isenta o Estado de responsabilidade na efetivação de direitos. Optamos por estudar tais conflitos a partir da situação de Heliópolis, favela de São Paulo. Para construção do material empírico, foram utilizados instrumentos e técnicas próprios do método etnográfico. Em Heliópolis, como no restante do país, a Reforma Sanitária é atravessada por distintos projetos político-econômicos, na medida em que houve uma ampliação da assistência médica supletiva e implantação distorcida do SUS, com práticas privatistas e privilégio da lógica da produtividade. As políticas macroeconômica e da Reforma do Estado levaram à "implementação tortuosa do SUS", em contexto de "confluência perversa" entre distintos projetos políticos. Alguns dos potenciais transformadores dessa realidade estão nos processos políticos e em relações sociais conformados por modos de vida erigidos sobre laços sociais de solidariedade, que se inserem em uma dinâmica entre determinações político-econômicas e afirmação da autonomia. Isto coloca ao movimento da Reforma Sanitária a necessidade premente de recuperar sua dimensão instituinte para transformar o sistema instituído.

This research aims to analyse political and social implications of the combination of public and private efforts in primary health care, trying to show combinations and tensions between a democratizing health project and a neoliberal project that waives the State's responsibility in enforcing rights. We chose to study these conflicts from the situation of Heliopolis, favela of São Paulo. To construct the empirical material, instruments and techniques from Ethnography were used. In Heliopolis, as in the rest of the country, the Health Reform is crossed by distinct political-economic projects, to the extent that there was an expansion of supplementary healthcare and distorted implementation of the Health System, with practice and privilege of privatizing logic of productivity. The macroeconomic policies and State Reform led to the "tortuous implementation" of the health system, in the context of "perverse confluence" between distinct projects. Some of the potential to transform that are in political processes and social relations shaped by modes of life built on social bonds of solidarity, which are embedded in the dynamics of political-economic determinations and assertion of autonomy. This places the movement of the Health Reform the urgent need to regain the instituting dimension, to transform the system.

Intervenções para reduzir o estigma da Aids no Brasil: uma revisão crítica / A critical review on Aids stigma reduction interventions in Brazil: una revisión crítica / Las intervenciones para reducir el estigma del SIDA en Brasil

Este artigo analisou nove estudos sobre intervenções psicoeducativas para mitigar processos de estigma e discriminação relacionados ao HIV/Aids no Brasil. As intervenções ocorreram a partir de 1996, estando a maioria em andamento em 2002, seis anos após a disponibilização da terapia antirretroviral. Somente uma intervenção teve como objetivo instituir uma política anti-discriminatória com base no HIV no ambiente de trabalho, sendo as outras referentes a projetos de prevenção ao HIV com populações de caminhoneiros, moradores de favela, homens que fazem sexo com homens, de assistência a pessoas com HIV no trabalho e pesquisas sobre gênero e saúde sexual e reprodutiva de pessoas vivendo com HIV. As intervenções se diversificaram quanto à combinação dos tipos de estratégias empregadas, tais como ênfase na informação sobre infecção por HIV, desenvolvimento de habilidades para prática de sexo seguro e aconselhamento para situações de efetiva ou potencial discriminação. Nas ações de prevenção ao HIV, o enfrentamento dos estigmas associados à promiscuidade e pobreza foi interpretado como uma ação que repercutiu no aumento da prática de sexo seguro. No contexto das pesquisas, o manejo do estigma foi possível pelo compartilhamento de experiências reais ou potenciais de discriminação no trabalho ou na vida afetivo-sexual. Análises de intervenções de mitigação do estigma da Aids no Brasil são escassas e estão localizadas em nível comunitário de projetos de prevenção ao HIV ou em contextos de pesquisas conduzidas nos serviços especializados em DST/Aids. A análise de experiências anti-estigma de serviços de saúde ou de ONG tem recebido pouca refl exão acadêmica.

We analyzed nine studies on psychosocial interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination in Brazil. Interventions began in 1996, being the majority in progress in 2002, six years after antiretroviral therapy was made available in Brazil. Only one intervention was specifically aimed at establishing a work policy of anti-discrimination based on HIV. Other publications referred to HIV prevention programs with truck drivers and community living in a shantytown, men who have sex with men, healthcare for people living with HIV at workplace, as well as research on sexual and reproductive health of people living with HIV. Interventions differed according to strategies, such as focus on provision of information on HIV infection, development of safer sex skills, and counseling in circumstances of actual or potential discrimination based on serostatus. As for HIV prevention projects, dealing with stigma related to 'promiscuity' and poverty was interpreted as promoting increase on safer sex practices. In the research context, the management of stigma was based on sharing lived or potential experiences of discrimination at work or in affective-sexual life. Analyses of AIDS stigma reduction interventions in Brazil are scarce and frequently part of HIV prevention programs at community-level or research carried out at STD clinics. The analysis of stigma reduction experiences in health services and NGOs has received little academic reflection.

En este artículo se revisó nueve estudios de intervenciones psicoeducativas para mitigar el estigma y la discriminación relacionados con el VIH/SIDA en Brasil. Las intervenciones se produjo desde 1996, con la mayor parte ocurre en 2002, seis años después de la administración de la terapia antirretroviral. Sólo una intervención dirigida a establecer una lucha contra la discriminación basada en el VIH en el lugar de trabajo y otros proyectos relacionados con la prevención del VIH con poblaciones de camioneros, pobladores, hombres que tienen sexo con hombres, la asistencia a las personas con el VIH y el trabajo de investigación sobre género y salud sexual y reproductiva de las personas que viven con el VIH. Las intervenciones se han diversificado como la combinación de los tipos de estrategias de empleo, tales como el énfasis en la información sobre la infección por el VIH, el desarrollo de habilidades para la consejería sobre sexo seguro y las situaciones de discriminación real o potencial. En las acciones de prevención del VIH, se enfrentan al estigma asociado con la promiscuidad y la pobreza se interpretó como una acción que afectó al incremento de la práctica de sexo seguro. En el contexto de la investigación, la gestión del estigma fue posible mediante el intercambio de experiencias reales o potenciales de discriminación en el trabajo o la vida afectivo-sexual. Analiza las intervenciones para mitigar el estigma del SIDA en Brasil son escasas y se encuentran en los proyectos a nivel comunitario para prevenir el VIH o en contextos de investigación llevada a cabo en establecimientos especializados de ETS/SIDA. El análisis de las experiencias de lucha contra el estigma de los servicios de salud o de las ONG ha recibido poca reflexión académica.